diff --git a/docs/architecture-invariants.md b/docs/architecture-invariants.md
index f446f4a1..673087e8 100644
--- a/docs/architecture-invariants.md
+++ b/docs/architecture-invariants.md
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ File reads in a remote case are the second ssh surface (see Remote SSH cases bel
 
 **Remote SSH cases** (COD-94/#145): cases can point at a **remote host** (`~/.codeman/remote-hosts.json` + `remote-cases.json` via `src/remote-hosts.ts`; CRUD under `/api/cases` — cases route file). A remote session launches a LOCAL tmux pane running `ssh <host>` that creates a durable REMOTE tmux session on a **dedicated socket** `-L codeman-remote` with name `codeman-ssh-<id>` — deliberately failing the remote Codeman's `SAFE_MUX_NAME_PATTERN` so a Codeman instance on the target host never adopts it; no `-g` global tmux options are set remotely. `remotePath`/`identityFile` are schema-guarded against shell injection (backticks/`$` rejected — same approach as `extraSshOptions`); remote tmux availability is probed via `checkRemoteTmuxAvailable()` in quick-start (ssh args carry `-o ConnectTimeout=10`). Remote claude defaults to an idempotent `claude --session-id <id> || claude --resume <id>` pair under a login shell, so a respawn or reattach continues the SAME conversation rather than starting a fresh one (remote omp gets the same treatment via `--continue`; ⚠️ because the claude arm is an `a || b` pair under `-c`, that pane's PID is the login shell, not the agent); per-host `commands.*` override. Session kill best-effort kills the remote tmux too. `SessionState.remote`/`MuxSession.remote` round-trip through recovery (`restoreMuxSessions` passes `remote` back into the Session constructor). ⚠️ Run flows must route remote cases through `POST /api/quick-start` (which resolves the remote case and skips LOCAL CLI availability gates) — `POST /api/sessions` stat-validates `workingDir` locally and has no `caseName`. `envOverrides`/`effort`/`modelOverride`/`codexConfig`/`geminiConfig` are rejected for remote quick-starts (not silently dropped). UI: Create Case modal → Remote tab. Tests: `test/remote-hosts.test.ts`, `test/remote-ssh-options.test.ts`. ⚠️ **Reading a file in a remote case goes over ssh too** (#415): `src/remote-files.ts` is the single remote-READ layer (`buildRemoteFileCommand` = `buildSshConnectionArgs` + one shellescaped remote command; `remoteProbePaths` returns remote realpath + stat; `remoteCreateReadStream` streams a `Range` via `tail -c +N | head -c L` and its `close()` must be wired to the response's `close` or the ssh child outlives an aborted download). The guard order matches the local path exactly (`validateSessionFilePathLexical` → remote realpath of BOTH file and workspace root → containment → sensitive-path → size cap on the REMOTE size), a request path arrives from the browser and is only ever interpolated as a `shellescape`d token, and an unreachable host answers **502**, never a 404. ⚠️ The probe's symlink resolution FAILS CLOSED: `readlink -f` where it exists, otherwise a `cd -P`/`pwd -P` directory walk plus a bounded plain-`readlink` loop over the last component, and anything it cannot fully resolve is reported unresolvable (404), never as the unresolved string — the first version resolved the directory chain only, so on a host without `readlink -f` a `ws/notes.txt -> ~/.ssh/id_rsa` link passed containment under its own path while `cat` served the key. Records are NUL-separated and index-keyed so a newline in a filename cannot shift the mapping. ⚠️ ssh children are BOUNDED: probes and buffered reads go through `src/remote-ssh-limiter.ts` (a `document-conversion-limiter`-shaped semaphore, default 4), the attachment-history list probes its whole history in ONE batched call (`probeRemoteAttachmentHistory`, threaded into `registerExternalAttachment({remoteProbes})`), and probes chunk at 40 paths — a prompt-injected agent printing `codeman://attach` links in a remote session used to fork one `ssh` per link. `describeExecError` never returns Node's `Command failed: <ssh line>` message (identity path + probe script in a 502 body). The `PUT /file-content` guard sits AHEAD of `validateSessionFilePath`, which resolves LOCALLY, or a same-named local directory (an sshfs mount) takes the write. Under `VITEST` the three IO functions refuse rather than connect. This covers the ATTACHMENT routes too, which is the half a clicked path needs when the file is OUTSIDE the case directory (`_isExternalPreviewPath` sends it to `POST …/attachments`): registration, by-id `raw`, metadata and the history list all resolve over ssh (`registerExternalAttachment({remote})`, `resolveServableRemoteAttachment`), and what decides the host is the SESSION, never the path string — the same absolute path means a different file on each host. Deliberately NOT supported over ssh: writes (`edit=1`/`PUT` answer 400, `editable` is always false), office previews/thumbnails, the file tree/picker, `tail-file`. Tests: `test/remote-files.test.ts`, `test/routes/file-routes-remote.test.ts`.
 
+**Remote tmux PATH**: every SSH command that invokes or locates tmux uses `withRemoteTmuxPath()` (`remote-hosts.ts`) before the complete remote script is shell-escaped: link preflight, launch/attach, alive probes, discovery, history/screen capture, and cleanup. Non-interactive SSH shells can omit Homebrew and per-user binaries even when the user's interactive shell finds them. The wrapper double-quotes the exported PATH value (including inherited PATH) so homes with spaces work under dash; it leaves the existing SSH options, socket/target and inner CLI login-shell handling intact. Keep new remote tmux operations on this same path. `test/remote-tmux-path.test.ts` exercises all builders under real sh/dash with a sparse PATH and a home containing spaces, using offline SSH/tmux stubs. Local and Docker tmux commands keep their own setup.
+
 Further wake-on-LAN detail: the wiring guards in `test/remote-wake.test.ts` are two; the second also pins that `server.ts` holds the registry for its LIFETIME only (`drop` on cleanup, `stop` on shutdown) and never calls a waking method. The create wake is wired in the route rather than the shared session service for exactly the no-timer-wakes reason. No `ServerAliveInterval`, because keepalives move bytes into an idle connection every interval and that is what a byte-threshold idle detector must not read as activity. For a host behind `jumpHost`/`socksProxy`/a `ProxyCommand` option, the probe connects to `host:port`, which such a host does not answer even while ssh works; the registry never gates create/attach on it (`'unprobeable'`), and `/reachability` answers `reachable: null, probeable: false`. The banner keys on a PROVEN `false`, and the banner's 30 s poller runs only for a host with a wake target (a timer connecting to a host Codeman cannot wake is the same timer-driven traffic the keepalive rule forbids).
 
 Input arriving during a wake is buffered: a chunk over 4 KB is dropped whole, never delivered as a fragment, and the route answers `{buffered:true}` / `{buffered:true, dropped:true}` so the caller can tell. It is flushed in order after `reattachRemote()` with `fromUser`; a flush write that fails drops the rest (logged) rather than retaining it for a wake hours later. Send-and-wait blocks instead and answers `OPERATION_FAILED` when the host never returns. ⚠️ In multi-user mode the attach path 403s a non-admin BEFORE the host is looked up: the wake runs an executable, and remote hosts are admin-only infra everywhere else. ⚠️ Browser keystrokes travel over the WebSocket, which deliberately does NOT pass through the registry (that is the hot path), so only the HTTP input path ever queues anything; the banner must not promise queued input for the Wake button. A request that waits on the wake (create/attach, and the button) uses the 40 s `REMOTE_WAKE_REQUEST_READY_TIMEOUT_MS`, not the 90 s session default, because the dashboard's reverse proxy cuts a request at its own 60 s `proxy_read_timeout`. The `remote:` SSE family is session-scoped in multi-user mode; a create/attach wake names its requester (`username`) since it has no session yet. `remote-wake.ts` refuses real IO under `VITEST` like `remote-files.ts`.
diff --git a/src/remote-hosts.ts b/src/remote-hosts.ts
index 3dea3bde..c443945e 100644
--- a/src/remote-hosts.ts
+++ b/src/remote-hosts.ts
@@ -89,6 +89,19 @@ export function remoteLoginShellCommand(command: string): string {
   return `exec ${REMOTE_LOGIN_SHELL} -i -l -c ${shellescape(command)}`;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Remote tmux runs in sshd's non-interactive shell, which may omit Homebrew and
+ * per-user binaries. Keep every remote tmux operation on the same PATH. Quoting
+ * the entire assignment preserves spaces in HOME/inherited PATH under dash too.
+ * CLI commands still use their existing login-shell/configuration handling.
+ */
+export function withRemoteTmuxPath(command: string): string {
+  return (
+    'export PATH="$HOME/.opencode/bin:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:/opt/homebrew/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:$PATH"; ' +
+    command
+  );
+}
+
 /**
  * The CLI text a location overlay should launch for `mode`, or null when this build has no
  * entry for it. `overlays.<location>.command` when the entry names one, otherwise the bare
@@ -228,7 +241,11 @@ export function buildRemoteTmuxCheckCommand(
   host: Pick<RemoteHost, 'username' | 'host' | 'port'> & RemoteSshOptions
 ): string {
   // ConnectTimeout is now a default of buildSshConnectionArgs (shared with the launch).
-  return [...buildSshConnectionArgs(host), remoteSshTarget(host), "'command -v tmux'"].join(' ');
+  return [
+    ...buildSshConnectionArgs(host),
+    remoteSshTarget(host),
+    shellescape(withRemoteTmuxPath('command -v tmux')),
+  ].join(' ');
 }
 
 export interface RemoteTmuxCheckResult {
@@ -368,7 +385,7 @@ export function buildRemoteSessionAliveCommand(
 ): string {
   const [ssh, ...connectionArgs] = buildSshConnectionArgs(host);
   const remoteCmd = `tmux -L codeman-remote has-session -t ${shellescape(remoteSessionName)} 2>/dev/null`;
-  return [ssh, ...connectionArgs, remoteSshTarget(host), shellescape(remoteCmd)].join(' ');
+  return [ssh, ...connectionArgs, remoteSshTarget(host), shellescape(withRemoteTmuxPath(remoteCmd))].join(' ');
 }
 
 /**
@@ -453,7 +470,7 @@ export function buildRemoteListSessionsCommand(
   // separators (tmux expands them); `2>/dev/null` is inside the quoted command.
   const remoteCmd =
     'tmux -L codeman list-sessions -F "#{session_name}\\t#{session_attached}\\t#{session_created}\\t#{session_windows}" 2>/dev/null';
-  parts.push(remoteSshTarget(host), shellescape(remoteCmd));
+  parts.push(remoteSshTarget(host), shellescape(withRemoteTmuxPath(remoteCmd)));
   return parts.join(' ');
 }
 
diff --git a/src/remote-pane-history.ts b/src/remote-pane-history.ts
index f4a12e48..8b83dec4 100644
--- a/src/remote-pane-history.ts
+++ b/src/remote-pane-history.ts
@@ -48,7 +48,13 @@ import { exec } from 'node:child_process';
 import { randomBytes } from 'node:crypto';
 import { promisify } from 'node:util';
 import type { SessionRemote } from './types/session.js';
-import { buildSshConnectionArgs, classifyRemoteAliveExit, remoteSshTarget, shellescape } from './remote-hosts.js';
+import {
+  buildSshConnectionArgs,
+  classifyRemoteAliveExit,
+  remoteSshTarget,
+  shellescape,
+  withRemoteTmuxPath,
+} from './remote-hosts.js';
 import { RemoteSshSlotTimeoutError, runWithRemoteSshLimit } from './remote-ssh-limiter.js';
 import { remoteTmuxLocation } from './tmux-manager.js';
 
@@ -153,7 +159,7 @@ export function buildRemoteScrollbackCommand(
   marker: string
 ): string {
   const { socket, sessionName } = remoteTmuxLocation(remote, sessionId);
-  const script = buildRemoteScrollbackScript(socket, sessionName, historyLines, tailBytes, marker);
+  const script = withRemoteTmuxPath(buildRemoteScrollbackScript(socket, sessionName, historyLines, tailBytes, marker));
   // `exec` so a timeout kill reaches ssh itself, not only the local `sh -c`.
   return ['exec', ...buildSshConnectionArgs(remote), remoteSshTarget(remote), shellescape(script)].join(' ');
 }
diff --git a/src/tmux-manager.ts b/src/tmux-manager.ts
index 961d5683..8a5acdfd 100644
--- a/src/tmux-manager.ts
+++ b/src/tmux-manager.ts
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ import {
   remoteLoginShellCommand,
   remoteSshTarget,
   remoteTmuxSessionAlive,
+  withRemoteTmuxPath,
 } from './remote-hosts.js';
 import {
   buildDockerBaseArgs,
@@ -1381,7 +1382,14 @@ export function buildRemoteLaunchCommand(options: {
   // `ssh -o BatchMode=yes` (preserving the historical token order), then the rest
   // of the connection args, then the target and the quoted tmux invocation.
   const [ssh, batchMode, ...connectionArgs] = buildSshConnectionArgs(remote);
-  const sshParts = [ssh, batchMode, '-t', ...connectionArgs, remoteSshTarget(remote), shellescape(tmuxInvocation)];
+  const sshParts = [
+    ssh,
+    batchMode,
+    '-t',
+    ...connectionArgs,
+    remoteSshTarget(remote),
+    shellescape(withRemoteTmuxPath(tmuxInvocation)),
+  ];
   return sshParts.join(' ');
 }
 
@@ -1398,7 +1406,7 @@ export function buildRemoteKillCommand(options: { remote: SessionRemote; session
   const remoteName = remoteTmuxSessionName(sessionId);
   const killCmd = `tmux -L ${REMOTE_TMUX_SOCKET} kill-session -t ${shellescape(remoteName)}`;
   const [ssh, ...connectionArgs] = buildSshConnectionArgs(remote);
-  return [ssh, ...connectionArgs, remoteSshTarget(remote), shellescape(killCmd)].join(' ');
+  return [ssh, ...connectionArgs, remoteSshTarget(remote), shellescape(withRemoteTmuxPath(killCmd))].join(' ');
 }
 
 // ========== Docker cases (COD-Docker) ==========
@@ -1777,7 +1785,14 @@ export function resolveDockerLaunchOptions(
 export function buildRemoteAttachCommand(remote: SessionRemote, remoteSessionName: string): string {
   const tmuxInvocation = `tmux -L codeman attach -t ${shellescape(remoteSessionName)}`;
   const [ssh, batchMode, ...connectionArgs] = buildSshConnectionArgs(remote);
-  const sshParts = [ssh, batchMode, '-t', ...connectionArgs, remoteSshTarget(remote), shellescape(tmuxInvocation)];
+  const sshParts = [
+    ssh,
+    batchMode,
+    '-t',
+    ...connectionArgs,
+    remoteSshTarget(remote),
+    shellescape(withRemoteTmuxPath(tmuxInvocation)),
+  ];
   return sshParts.join(' ');
 }
 
diff --git a/test/remote-auto-reconnect.test.ts b/test/remote-auto-reconnect.test.ts
index 00b2c0fc..afdccef0 100644
--- a/test/remote-auto-reconnect.test.ts
+++ b/test/remote-auto-reconnect.test.ts
@@ -26,7 +26,12 @@ import {
   decideReconnect,
 } from '../src/remote-reconnect.js';
 import type { ReconnectSessionView } from '../src/remote-reconnect.js';
-import { buildRemoteSessionAliveCommand, classifyRemoteAliveExit } from '../src/remote-hosts.js';
+import {
+  buildRemoteSessionAliveCommand,
+  classifyRemoteAliveExit,
+  shellescape,
+  withRemoteTmuxPath,
+} from '../src/remote-hosts.js';
 import { TmuxManager } from '../src/tmux-manager.js';
 import type { SessionRemote } from '../src/types.js';
 
@@ -227,7 +232,7 @@ describe('remote has-session probe (pure)', () => {
     // Literal pin: the session name is shellescaped inside the remote command,
     // which is itself one shellescaped ssh argument.
     expect(cmd).toBe(
-      "ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -p 2222 dev@box 'tmux -L codeman-remote has-session -t '\\''codeman-ssh-abc'\\'' 2>/dev/null'"
+      `ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -p 2222 dev@box ${shellescape(withRemoteTmuxPath("tmux -L codeman-remote has-session -t 'codeman-ssh-abc' 2>/dev/null"))}`
     );
   });
 
diff --git a/test/remote-discover-attach.test.ts b/test/remote-discover-attach.test.ts
index 193bdf1b..1a4cb4d5 100644
--- a/test/remote-discover-attach.test.ts
+++ b/test/remote-discover-attach.test.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 import { execFileSync } from 'node:child_process';
 import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
-import { parseRemoteSessionList } from '../src/remote-hosts.js';
+import { parseRemoteSessionList, withRemoteTmuxPath } from '../src/remote-hosts.js';
 import { buildRemoteAttachCommand } from '../src/tmux-manager.js';
 import { TmuxManager } from '../src/tmux-manager.js';
 import type { SessionRemote } from '../src/types.js';
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ describe('COD-105 buildRemoteAttachCommand', () => {
       .map((l) => l.slice(2));
     expect(sshArgs).toContain('ubuntu@10.0.0.42');
     const tmuxArg = sshArgs.find((a) => a.includes('attach'));
-    expect(tmuxArg).toBe("tmux -L codeman attach -t 'codeman-disco1'");
+    expect(tmuxArg).toBe(withRemoteTmuxPath("tmux -L codeman attach -t 'codeman-disco1'"));
   });
 });
 
diff --git a/test/remote-ssh-options.test.ts b/test/remote-ssh-options.test.ts
index cb565424..4265fbfe 100644
--- a/test/remote-ssh-options.test.ts
+++ b/test/remote-ssh-options.test.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  *    `-o ProxyCommand=…` token; the local shell must not expand/mangle them).
  *  - a leading `~`/`$HOME` in `identityFile` is expanded to an absolute path at
  *    build time (ssh does NOT expand `~` in `-i`), then shellescaped.
- *  - empty options ⇒ byte-identical ssh to today (full back-compat).
+ *  - empty options retain the SSH option order; tmux gets the shared PATH wrapper.
  *
  * Pure command-string construction; no real tmux, no ssh. Port: N/A.
  */
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ import {
   buildRemoteTmuxCheckCommand,
   buildRemoteCliVersionProbeCommand,
   remoteSshTarget,
+  shellescape,
+  withRemoteTmuxPath,
 } from '../src/remote-hosts.js';
 import { buildRemoteLaunchCommand } from '../src/tmux-manager.js';
 import type { SessionRemote } from '../src/types.js';
@@ -146,10 +148,10 @@ describe('COD-107 buildRemoteLaunchCommand — threads connection args', () => {
     expect(idxProxy).toBeLessThan(idxTarget);
   });
 
-  it('a remote with no advanced options is byte-identical to the expected form', () => {
+  it('preserves the no-options launch command inside the shared remote PATH wrapper', () => {
     const command = buildRemoteLaunchCommand({ mode: 'shell', remote: baseRemote, sessionId: SESSION_ID });
     // Reconstruct the command using the SAME nested POSIX single-quote escaping the
-    // production code uses, to prove byte-identity. Session runs on the DEDICATED
+    // production code uses, preserving the payload inside the PATH wrapper. The DEDICATED
     // `-L codeman-remote` socket under a `codeman-ssh-` name that a remote Codeman's
     // discovery ignores; set-options are scoped per-session (never `-g`).
     const sh = (s: string) => "'" + s.replace(/'/g, "'\\''") + "'";
@@ -170,7 +172,7 @@ describe('COD-107 buildRemoteLaunchCommand — threads connection args', () => {
       `set -t ${remoteName} remain-on-exit failed`,
     ].join(' \\; ');
     // Connection args (with the default -o ConnectTimeout=10) sit after -t.
-    const expected = `ssh -o BatchMode=yes -t -o ConnectTimeout=10 ${remoteSshTarget(baseRemote)} ${sh(tmuxInvocation)}`;
+    const expected = `ssh -o BatchMode=yes -t -o ConnectTimeout=10 ${remoteSshTarget(baseRemote)} ${sh(withRemoteTmuxPath(tmuxInvocation))}`;
     expect(command).toBe(expected);
   });
 
@@ -193,12 +195,12 @@ describe('COD-107 buildRemoteTmuxCheckCommand — same connection options as the
     expect(cmd).toContain(`-i '${HOME}/.ssh/remote_ed25519'`);
     expect(cmd).toContain("-o 'ProxyCommand=nc -X 5 -x 127.0.0.1:1080 %h %p'");
     expect(cmd).toContain('aakht@192.168.55.170');
-    expect(cmd).toContain("'command -v tmux'");
+    expect(cmd).toContain(shellescape(withRemoteTmuxPath('command -v tmux')));
   });
 
-  it('back-compat: no advanced options ⇒ unchanged probe string', () => {
+  it('no advanced options preserve the ssh prefix and wrap the tmux probe', () => {
     expect(buildRemoteTmuxCheckCommand({ username: 'ubuntu', host: '10.0.0.42' })).toBe(
-      "ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 ubuntu@10.0.0.42 'command -v tmux'"
+      `ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 ubuntu@10.0.0.42 ${shellescape(withRemoteTmuxPath('command -v tmux'))}`
     );
     expect(buildRemoteTmuxCheckCommand({ username: 'ubuntu', host: '10.0.0.42', port: 2222 })).toContain('-p 2222');
   });
diff --git a/test/remote-tmux-path.test.ts b/test/remote-tmux-path.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a16375db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/remote-tmux-path.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/** Real shell/argv regression for every remote tmux builder. No network or real tmux runs. */
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { execFileSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import { existsSync, mkdirSync, mkdtempSync, readFileSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+import {
+  buildRemoteTmuxCheckCommand,
+  buildRemoteSessionAliveCommand,
+  buildRemoteListSessionsCommand,
+} from '../src/remote-hosts.js';
+import {
+  buildRemoteLaunchCommand,
+  buildRemoteAttachCommand,
+  buildRemoteKillCommand,
+  remoteTmuxSessionName,
+} from '../src/tmux-manager.js';
+import { buildRemoteScrollbackCommand, parseRemoteScrollbackOutput } from '../src/remote-pane-history.js';
+import type { SessionRemote } from '../src/types/session.js';
+
+const id = '663e3eae-8da6-4c7f-9231-611eb2840641';
+const marker = 'path-history-marker';
+const remote: SessionRemote = {
+  hostId: 'offline',
+  label: 'Offline fixture',
+  host: 'never-connect.invalid',
+  username: 'tester',
+  port: 2222,
+  identityFile: '/tmp/key with spaces',
+  jumpHost: 'jump.invalid',
+  socksProxy: '127.0.0.1:1080',
+  extraSshOptions: ['StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new'],
+  remotePath: '/tmp/project with spaces',
+};
+const discovered = "team's session $literal";
+const cases = [
+  { name: 'link preflight', build: () => buildRemoteTmuxCheckCommand(remote), command: null, socket: null },
+  {
+    name: 'launch',
+    build: () => buildRemoteLaunchCommand({ remote, sessionId: id, mode: 'shell' }),
+    command: 'new-session',
+    socket: 'codeman-remote',
+  },
+  { name: 'attach', build: () => buildRemoteAttachCommand(remote, discovered), command: 'attach', socket: 'codeman' },
+  {
+    name: 'alive probe',
+    build: () => buildRemoteSessionAliveCommand(remote, remoteTmuxSessionName(id)),
+    command: 'has-session',
+    socket: 'codeman-remote',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'discovery',
+    build: () => buildRemoteListSessionsCommand(remote),
+    command: 'list-sessions',
+    socket: 'codeman',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'history and screen capture',
+    build: () => buildRemoteScrollbackCommand(remote, id, 100, 0, marker),
+    command: 'capture-pane',
+    socket: 'codeman-remote',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'cleanup',
+    build: () => buildRemoteKillCommand({ remote, sessionId: id }),
+    command: 'kill-session',
+    socket: 'codeman-remote',
+  },
+];
+
+describe('remote tmux PATH under a sparse non-interactive shell', () => {
+  let root: string;
+  let home: string;
+  let sshBin: string;
+  let tmuxPath: string;
+  let tmuxLog: string;
+  let sshLog: string;
+  beforeAll(() => {
+    root = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'remote-tmux-path-'));
+    home = join(root, 'remote home with spaces');
+    sshBin = join(root, 'ssh tools');
+    tmuxPath = join(home, '.local', 'bin', 'tmux');
+    tmuxLog = join(root, 'tmux-args');
+    sshLog = join(root, 'ssh-args');
+    mkdirSync(join(home, '.local', 'bin'), { recursive: true });
+    mkdirSync(sshBin);
+    writeFileSync(
+      join(sshBin, 'ssh'),
+      `#!/bin/sh
+for arg do printf '%s\\n' "$arg" >> "$TEST_SSH_LOG"; command="$arg"; done
+exec "$TEST_REMOTE_SHELL" -c "$command"
+`,
+      { mode: 0o755 }
+    );
+    writeFileSync(
+      tmuxPath,
+      `#!/bin/sh
+for arg do printf '%s\\n' "$arg" >> "$TEST_TMUX_LOG"; done
+case "$*" in
+  *capture-pane*) printf 'older row\\n${marker}\\n1\\ncurrent screen\\n' ;;
+  *list-sessions*) printf 'discovered\\t0\\t123\\t1\\n' ;;
+esac
+`,
+      { mode: 0o755 }
+    );
+  });
+  afterAll(() => rmSync(root, { recursive: true, force: true }));
+
+  for (const shell of ['/bin/sh', ...(existsSync('/bin/dash') ? ['/bin/dash'] : [])]) {
+    for (const item of cases) {
+      it(`${item.name} finds the remote-user tmux with ${shell} and preserves targeting/options`, () => {
+        writeFileSync(tmuxLog, '');
+        writeFileSync(sshLog, '');
+        const stdout = execFileSync('/bin/sh', ['-c', item.build()], {
+          encoding: 'utf8',
+          env: {
+            ...process.env,
+            HOME: home,
+            // Only the SSH stub is initially on PATH; an unwrapped command cannot
+            // accidentally run this machine's real tmux during a negative test.
+            PATH: sshBin,
+            TEST_REMOTE_SHELL: shell,
+            TEST_TMUX_LOG: tmuxLog,
+            TEST_SSH_LOG: sshLog,
+          },
+        });
+        const sshArgs = readFileSync(sshLog, 'utf8').trimEnd().split('\n');
+        expect(sshArgs).toContain('tester@never-connect.invalid');
+        expect(sshArgs).toContain('ProxyCommand=nc -X 5 -x 127.0.0.1:1080 %h %p');
+        expect(sshArgs).toContain('StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new');
+        expect(sshArgs.slice(sshArgs.indexOf('-p'), sshArgs.indexOf('-p') + 2)).toEqual(['-p', '2222']);
+        expect(sshArgs.slice(sshArgs.indexOf('-i'), sshArgs.indexOf('-i') + 2)).toEqual(['-i', '/tmp/key with spaces']);
+        expect(sshArgs.slice(sshArgs.indexOf('-J'), sshArgs.indexOf('-J') + 2)).toEqual(['-J', 'jump.invalid']);
+        if (item.command === null) {
+          expect(stdout.trim()).toBe(tmuxPath);
+          return;
+        }
+        const args = readFileSync(tmuxLog, 'utf8').trimEnd().split('\n');
+        expect(args.slice(0, 2)).toEqual(['-L', item.socket]);
+        expect(args).toContain(item.command);
+        if (item.name === 'attach') expect(args).toContain(discovered);
+        if (item.name === 'launch') {
+          expect(args).toContain(remote.remotePath);
+          expect(sshArgs).toContain('-t');
+        }
+        if (['alive probe', 'cleanup'].includes(item.name)) expect(args).toContain(remoteTmuxSessionName(id));
+        if (item.name === 'history and screen capture') {
+          expect(args).toContain(`=${remoteTmuxSessionName(id)}:`);
+          expect(parseRemoteScrollbackOutput(stdout, marker, 0)).toEqual({
+            scrollback: 'older row\n',
+            screen: 'current screen\n',
+          });
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  }
+});